Tuesday, October 22, 2013

MS - 08 Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications


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ASSIGNMENT
Course Code                      :               MS - 08
Course Title                       :               Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications
Assignment Code            :               MS-08/SEM - II /2013
Coverage                             :               All Blocks


Q.1 “Statistical unit is necessary not only for the collection of data, but also for the interpretation and presentation”. Explain the statement.
Answer : Statistics may be defined as the science of collection, presentation analysis and interpretation of numerical data from the logical analysis.
               
 The word ‘statistic’ is used to refer to - Numerical facts, such as the number of people living in particular area. - The study of ways of collecting, analyzing and interpreting the facts. Statistics is the study of the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation and presentation of data. It deals with all aspects of data, including the planning of data collection in terms of the design of surveys and experiments.

The word statistics, when referring to the scientific discipline, is singular, as in "Statistics is an art." This should not be confused with the word statistic, referring to a quantity (such as mean or median) calculated from a set of data, whose plural is



 Q.2 Find the standard deviation and coefficient of skewness for the following distribution


Variable
0-5
5-10
10-15
15-20
20-25
25-30
30-35
35-40
Frequency 
2
               
5
               
7
               
13
               
21
               
16
               
8
               
3


Answer :









Q.3 A salesman has a 60% chance of making a sale to any one customer. The behaviour of successive customers is independent. If two customers A and B enter, what is the probability that the salesman will make a sale to A or  B.

Answer : The probability that the salesman fails to make sales to A
               
                4.png
 The salesman fails to make a sale to B
               
               
Q.4 To verify whether a course in Research Methodology improved performance, a similar test was given to 12 participants before and after the course. The original marks and after the course marks are given below:

Original Marks

44

40
61
52
32
44
70
41
67
72
53
72
Marks after the course
53
38
69
57
46
39
73
48
73
74
60
78

Was the course useful? Consider these 12 participants as a sample from a population.

Answer : Let us take the hypothesis that there is no difference in the marks obtained before and after the course, i.e. the course has not been useful Applying t-test (difference formula):
               



Q.5 Write short notes on

a)Bernoulli Trials
 Answer : In the theory of probability and statistics, a Bernoulli trial is an experiment whose outcome is random and can be either of two possible  outcomes, "success" and "failure".
Repeated independent trials in which there can be only two outcomes are called  Bernoulli trials in honor of James Bernoulli (1654-1705).

·         Bernoulli trials lead to the binomial distribution.
·         If a number of trials are large, then the probability of k successes in n trials can be approximated      by the Poisson distribution.
·         The binomial distribution and t




b)Standard Normal distribution
Answer : The standard normal distribution is a special case of the normal distribution . It is the distribution that occurs when a normal random variable has a mean of zero and a standard deviation of one.
The normal random variable of a standard normal distribution is called a standard score or a z score.
Every normal random variable X can be transformed into a z score via the following equation:
               
                z = (X - μ) / σ
Where X is a normal random variable, μ is the mean, and σ is the standard deviation.
               



c)Central Limit theorem

Answer : In probability theory, the central limit theorem (CLT) states that, given certain conditions, the mean of a sufficiently large number of iterates of independent random variables, each with a well-defined mean and welldefined variance, will be approximately normally distributed.[1] That is, suppose that a sample is obtained containing a large number of observations, each observation being randomly generated in a way that does not depend on the values of the other observations, and that the arithmetic average of the observed values is computed. If this procedure is performed many times, the computed average will not always be the same each time; the central limit theorem says that the computed values of the

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Thursday, October 17, 2013

MS - 29 International Human Resource Management


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ASSIGNMENT
Course Code              :           MS - 29
Course Title               :           International Human Resource Management      
Assignment Code      :           MS-29/TMA/SEM - II/2013
Coverage                    :           All Blocks

Note : Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October, 2013 to   the coordinator of your study centre.


1)            Explain the term ‘International Human Resource Management’. Discuss in detail the differences between domestic and international HR practices.
Answer : Human Resource Management (HRM) is set of organizational activities aimed at effectively managing and directing human resources/labour towards achieving organizational goals. Typical functions performed by HRM staff would be recruitment, selection, training and development, performance appraisal, dismissal, managing promotions and so on.

Then what is International Human Resource Management (IHRM)?

IHRM can be defined as set of activities aimed managing organizational human resources at international level to achieve organizational objectives and achieve competitive advantage over competitors at national and international level. IHRM includes typical HRM functions such as recruitment, selection, training and development, performance appraisal and dismissal done at international level and additional activities such as  global skills management, expatriate management and so on.




2) a) Briefly explain the importance of Performance Management from  international context.
Answer : Performance management
includes activities to ensure that goals are consistently being met in an effective and efficient manner. Performance management can focus on the performance of an organization, a department, employee, or even the processes to build product or service, as well as many other areas.

Performance Management Process :


b) What criteria should be evolved before assessing an expatriate?

Answer : Selecting global assignees is both a critical and frustrating topic for global HR professionals, says Dr. Paula Caligiuri from Rutgers University in the U.S. "Most human resources professionals agree that not all employees sent on global assignments will succeed. Some will flourish, while others, unfortunately, will fail. Seasoned global HR professionals may pride themselves on the fact that they can predict the outcome of an assignment -- after just a few interactions with a prospective assignee. They have developed the sixth sense for selecting global assignees".

Despite the sixth sense that these HR professionals may have, the unfortunate reality is that most are unable to stop a risky global assignment from moving forward. Frequently, an assignee is chosen within the business unit based only on the person’s technical or managerial skills. HR has little involvement, except to process the appropriate paperwork. This typical scenario is both short-sighted and damaging to organisations wishing to capitalise on the strategic management of their human talent worldwide.


c) Discuss an expatriate Performance Management Model.
Answer :



3)            Discuss in detail different barriers to cross-cultural communication and the challenges related to it.
Answer :     Barriers to cross-cultural communication

Introduction

If you are to work effectively with people who are culturally different, you need to become aware of your own culture and how that impacts on others. As one textbook on professional communication puts it:

‘... we need to become more aware of the cultural basis of our own behaviours, perceptions, beliefs, and values. This enables us to see an interaction from a cultural perspective. It is not just the other person who is displaying culture-specific attitudes and behaviours; we are also doing just that’ (Peter Putnis & Roslyn Petelin, ‘Professional Communication – principles and applications’, Prentice Hall, Sydney, 1996, p.76).





4)            Briefly discuss the issues relating to international Industrial relations. Give few examples as to how trade unions have responded to Multinationals.

Answer : The many issues of industrial relations are concerned with a company's treatment of its employees and workers. What used to be merely domestic issues of labour management have now become global issues of cross-national management, as the international business sector has grown. And when the influence of one multinational principal is perceived as more relevant than others, it can trigger a possible examination of that principal's relationship with its home-based workers, and possibly even doubt and uncertainty of future dealings.

Standardization
Although the United States government has staked



5)            What is Cultural Sensitivity? Briefly discuss the strategies for dealing with cultural differences citing examples.

Answer : Cultural sensitivity is the awareness and sensitivity of other practices and cultures. Cultural sensitivity skills can include assessing different cultures, how they should be properly approached and how to communicate accordingly. Skills may also include evaluating how certain cultural differences can affect how people work, and how to value differences so that discrimination and harassment, either intended or not, do not occur.

Importance
Cultural sensitivity skills are important for your employees to function cohesively as a team that is respectful and courteous to each other regardless of cultural differences. Also, cultural sensitivity skills may be important for certain employees who

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MS – 96 - Total Quality Management


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MS – 96 - Total Quality Management

1. Explain the salient features of Total Quality Management (TQM) approach and their relevance in the present competitive environment.

Answer : Meaning: -The concept of TQM was developed by Dr.W.E. Deming (regarded as the father of TQM) in 1960s in Japan. TQM is strategic approach that focuses on production of best possible product or services through constant innovation and timely action. It places emphasis on prevention of errors rather than on rectification.

Definition: - TQM is a management approach that places emphasis on continuous improvement in quality, in the interest of the organisation and that of its customers”.

The following are some of the features of TQM:


1. Customer Focus: - TQM Palaces emphasis in meeting the requirement of both the internal as well as the external customer. In order to meet the requirements for the external customer, it is necessary to meet the needs of the internal customer. The initial focus should be on meeting needs of internal customer before an attempt is




2. List out the 14 steps give by Crosby in TQM. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Crosby’s “Absolute Quality Management”.
Answer :

1. Commitment of Management
First and foremost, management must be committed to improving the quality in a company. This commitment must also be transparent to all employees so that proper attitudes towards a Zero Defect product or service line are modeled.

2. Formulate the Quality Improvement Team
Forming a quality improvement team is the second step to achieving total quality management. Search for team members who will model quality improvement commitment, and who are not already over-committed to other



3. Do you think leadership is an important aspect for successful application of Quality Management in an organization? Justify giving examples.

Answer : Leadership can act as senior management's tool in implementing TQM in two fundamental ways. First, by modeling the TQM philosophy and principles within its departmental operations, leadership can serve as a beachhead for the TQM process throughout the company. Second, leadership, with senior management's support, can take the TQM process company-wide by developing and delivering the long-term training and development necessary for the major organizational culture shift required by TQM.


4. Explain “P-D-C-A cycle”. Discuss how it is helpful in problem solving.
Answer : Something needs to change: Something's wrong, and needs to be fixed, and you've worked hard to create a credible vision of where you want it to be in future. But are you 100% sure that you're right? And are you absolutely certain that your solution will work perfectly, in every way?

Where the consequences of getting things wrong are significant, it often makes sense to run a well-crafted pilot project. That way if the pilot doesn't deliver the results you expected, you get the chance to fix and improve things before you fully commit your reputation and resources.





5. Discuss the objectives and structure of ISO 9000.

Answer : ISO is known as International Organization for Standardization. It is an international federation of the national standards bodies of over Ninety countries. Its function is to promote common standards and to define ‘harmonize’ product, service, and business practices throughout the world. The ISO 9000 group of standards is about quality management systems and created to help organizations make sure that they meet the requirements of clients and other stakeholders.

Five Objectives of ISO 9000

·         Gives businesses with useful, globally recognized models for operating a quality management system.
·         Achieve, maintain and aim to regularly enhance product quality (the standards define “product” as the output of any process.

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MS – 27 - Wage and Salary Administration


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MS – 27 - Wage and Salary Administration

1. Explain the role of Compensation. Why is an effective Compensation Policy an important function of Management? Discuss.

Answer : Compensation can include monetary and non-monetary components. Compensation often includes an employee’s base salary and additional benefits, such as health insurance, retirement plans and performance bonuses. The compensation packages a business offers to employees affects the company’s recruitment rate, retention rate and employee satisfaction. Several federal laws affect the compensation that businesses offer. A business owner should understand the importance of compensation and the prevailing laws to remain competitive in the market.

Recruitment
The compensation packages that businesses offer to employees play an important role in the company’s ability to attract top talent as job candidates. Top-performing employees greatly impact the competitiveness and productivity of a small




b. Describe the compensation structure of an organisation you are familiar with.

Answer : The design process is started by identifying desired outcomes and goals for your organization. This is often referred to as developing your compensation philosophy. Your philosophy is formed by considering a number of factors. The balance of direct and indirect rewards, the complexity and responsibility of a role and the candidate or employee filling it, as well as your focus on internal versus external equity are just few factors explored in this section. It is the ability to achieve results that is critical to organizational success.

Compensation can be defined as all of the rewards earned by employees in return for their labour. This includes:



 Is the employer liable to pay minimum bonus even in case of loss in the establishment? Discuss.

Describe, when an employee can become disqualified to claim bonus citing suitable example from an organisation you are familiar with.
Answer : The Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 was enacted to provide for the payment of bonus to persons employed in certain establishments on the basis of profits or productivity and for the matters connected therewith. The Act applies to:- (i) every factory as defined under the Factories Act, 1948; and (ii) every other establishment in which twenty or more persons are employed on any day during an accounting year. However, the Government may, after giving two months' notification in the Official Gazette, make the Act applicable to any factory or establishment employing less than twenty but not less than ten persons.

The Act is enforced through the Central Industrial Relations Machinery (CIRM). CIRM is an attached office of the Ministry of Labour and is also known as the Chief Labour Commissioner (Central) [CLC(C)] Organisation. It is headed by the Chief Labour Commissioner (Central).



3. Explain the Concept of job-evaluation. Describe the methods and systems of job-evaluation that have been followed in an organisation you are familiar with. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of them.

Answer : Job evaluation is concerned with a process of establishing value of different jobs. job evaluation provides a basis for ranking or grading different jobs and developing a pay structure for them. It is the process of describing the duties, authority relationships, skills, condition of work and other relevant information related to jobs. It supplies useful data and information to develop job description and specification documents.





4. Explain what is Performance Linked Reward System? Describe various steps involved in designing a Performance Linked Reward System. Examine the current issues and trends in linking performance with reward system of any organisation you are familiar with.

Answer : The word “Performance” mean a lot in the organizational sector. Organizations need to perform well continuously to sustain its place in the competitive market. For an organization to perform well, the contribution from each individual employee working for it, should reach its height. How to gain higher performance from individual employees? – is an important question, for which the HR people need to come out with the possible solution suited for their organization. The term coined to handle this process is referred as “Performance Management”.

Performance management can be defined as a continuous process of assessing and measuring the performance of an individual and aligning it with the organizational goals. It is the job of the HR people to design an effective performance




5. Discuss compensation issues and problems. Describe the characteristic features of managerial compensation. What type of compensation system normally motivates the executives? Explain with suitable examples from an organisation you are familiar with.

Answer : Compensation issues and problems

An Unprepared Compensation Committee
Some compensation committees are composed of directors who are unable or not prepared to make decisions about executive compensation because they lack expertise about the subject.

A critical qualification for compensation committee service is a diversity of skills, including financial acumen and some expertise in matters related to executive compensation or human resources. Successful pay programs are driven by internal requirements, yet informed by external practice. Committee members should possess an


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Tuesday, October 15, 2013

MS-424 International Banking Management



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ASSIGNMENT
 

Course Code                          :                      MS-424
Course Title                           :                     International Banking Management
Assignment Code                  :                      MS-424/TMA/SEM-I/2013
Coverage                                :                      All Blocks
 




Note : Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 30th April, 2013 to the coordinator of your study center.

1.            Discuss the role and functions of International Monetary Fund (IMF) and analyse the trends in the financing of IMF to its member countries during the last 5 years.
Answer : The IMF works to foster global growth and economic stability. It provides policy advice and financing to members in economic difficulties and also works with developing nations to help them achieve macroeconomic stability and reduce poverty.The rationale for this is that private international capital markets function imperfectly and many countries have limited access to financial markets. Such market imperfections, together with balance of payments financing, provide the justification for official financing, without which many countries could only correct large external payment imbalances through measures with adverse effects on both national and international economic prosperity.



2.            Write a note on Basel-III norms and their significance to Indian Banks.

Answer : Basel III guidelines are norms that the Reserve Bank of India has implemented to strengthen the regulation, supervision and risk management of the banking sector.

Here’s a quick guide:

1. Basel III is asset of guidelines agreed upon by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in 2010-11. The Basel committee was formed in 1974 by a group of central bank governors from 10 countries, and has now expanded to include members from nearly 30 countries, including India.



3.            Discuss the traditional functions of a Bank Treasury.
Answer : Treasury is a department in banks which is responsible for investment functions. It provides transaction, investment and information services to the chief financial officer (CFO) or treasurers. The key functions of treasury in a bank include; account receivables services (helping the client with products by receiving/collecting money for business), accounts payable services (helping the client with products and solutions by making payments on their behalf) and liquidity management services (helping the CFO of a company to manage



4.            Explain the Risk Management Process of a bank of your choice.

Answer : Risk management is the identification, assessment, and prioritization of risks (defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of uncertainty on objectives, whether positive or negative) followed by coordinated and economical application of resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact of unfortunate events[1] or to maximize the realization of opportunities. Risks can come from uncertainty in financial markets, threats from project failures (at any phase in design, development, production, or sustainment life-cycles), legal liabilities, credit risk, accidents, natural causes and disasters as well as




5.            What are ‘Options’? Differentiate ‘Options’ with ‘Futures’ and ‘Forward Contracts’.

Answer : Futures, options and forward contracts belong to a group of financial securities known as derivatives. The profit or loss resulting from trading such securities is directly related to, or derived from, another asset, such as a stock. There are, however, crucial differences between these three derivative securities, which you should understand before investing in them.


Options
An option gives the holder the right -- but not the obligation -- to buy or sell an asset at a specific price on a specific date. A call option represents the right to buy, while a put option represents the right to sell. A call option on 1,000 shares with

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