Wednesday, September 24, 2014

MS - 25 Managing Change in Organisations

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Assignment
Course Code
MS - 25
Course Title
Managing Change in Organisations
Assignment Code
MS-25/TMA/SEM - II/2014
Coverage
All Blocks

Note: Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October, 2014 to the coordinator of your study centre.
1. Briefly discuss the relevance of change in organizations, enlist the types of change and describe the factors contributing to change citing suitable examples.
Answer : Any business in today's fast-moving environment that is looking for the pace of change to slow is likely to be sorely disappointed. In fact, businesses should embrace change. Change is important for any organization because, without change, businesses would likely lose their competitive edge and fail to meet the needs of what most hope to be a growing base of loyal customers.
Technology
Without change, business leaders still would be dictating correspondence to secretaries, editing their words and sending them back to the drawing board, wasting time for all involved. Change that results from the adoption of new technology is common in most organizations and while it can be disruptive at first, ultimately the change tends to increase productivity and service
Technology also has affected how we communicate.


2. Discuss the concept of ‘process-based change’. Cite organizational examples where process based change has taken place successfully.
Answer : Process-based organizational change has attracted considerable attention in recent decades, with the rise of total quality management (TQM) being followed by the emergence of business process reengineering (BPR). Since contextual factors can influence both the adoption and results of these process-based change initiatives, their international popularity has created an imperative to move beyond a culture-bounded perspective. The stark philosophical, economic and historical differences between Americans and the Chinese make the comparison of process-based organizational change in these two societal contexts

3. Describe the approaches and methods of evaluating change. Illustrate few examples of evaluation of organizational change.
Answer : Evaluation typically is the last consideration in planning and implementing an intervention. However it is critical that evaluation be planned from the start so necessary data or information is identified and collected.
Before beginning the intervention, baseline data or information must be collected for the intended outcomes. The intended outcomes of your intervention were identified when preparing the intervention goals, objectives, outcomes and a logic model (see Readiness and Preparation). Information and data that were collected when conducting your needs assessment (see Assessment) may provide some or all of the baseline

4. Explain the concept of organizational diagnosis. Describe any two methods of diagnosis and its benefits and limitations with the help of examples.
Answer : Organizational diagnosis is a process based upon behavioral science theory for publicly entering a human system, collecting valid data about human experiences with that system, and feeding that information back to the system to promote increased understanding of the system by its members (Alderfer, 1981). Purpose of organizational diagnosis is to establish a widely shared understanding of a system and based upon that understanding to determine whether change is desirable.
What is organisational diagnosis? Describe the steps and methods of organisational analysis. Discuss the process of organisational analysis with

5. Write an essay on ‘managing transitions’. Differentiate it from ‘managing change’. Take a hypothetical organization and apply the rules for managing transition.
Answer : “managing transitions” was authored by William Bridges.
William Bridges was an American author, speaker, and organizational consultant. He emphasized the importance of understanding transitions as a key for organizations to succeed in making changes. He says that transition the psychological process of adapting to change. Transition consists of three phases; letting go of the past, the "neutral zone" where the past is gone but the new isn't fully present, and making the new beginning.
One of the ‘classic’ texts on Change Management is
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MS - 8 Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications

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ASSIGNMENT

Course Code :

MS - 8
Course Title :

Quantitative Analysis for Managerial Applications
Assignment Code :

MS-8/SEM - II /2014
Coverage :

All Blocks

Note: Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October, 2014 to the coordinator of your study centre.


Q. 1 what are quartiles, deciles, and percentiles? State the general equation of computing the ith quartile, jth decile, and kth percentile.

Ans.  Quartileà  In descriptive statistics, the quartiles of a set of values are the three points that divide the data set into four equal groups, each representing a fourth of the population being sampled. A quartile is a type of quantile.

In epidemiology, sociology and finance, the quartiles of a population are the four subpopulations defined by classifying individuals according to whether the value concerned falls into one of the four ranges defined by the three values discussed above. Thus an individual item might be described as being "in the upper quartile".


Q. 2 In a railway reservation office, two clerks are engaged in checking reservation forms. On an average, the first clerk (A1) checks 55 per cent of the forms, while the second (A2) checks the remaining. While A1 has an error rate of 0.03 that of A2 is 0.02. A reservation form is selected at random from the total number of forms checked during a day and is discovered to have an error. Find the probabilities that it was checked by A1, and A2, respectively.

Ans.  Probability that a form is checked by A1 = 0.55      and by A2 = 0.45

Error rate of A1 = 0.03          A1 checks 97 forms out of a 100 correctly.
Error rate of A2 = 0.02          A2 cheks 98 forms out of a 100 corectly.

Probability that a form is checked by A1 and also correctly: 0.55 * 0.97 = 0.5335
Probability that a form is checked by A1 and wrongly : 0.55 * 0.03 = 0.0165


Q.3 The weekly wages of 2000 workmen are normally distributed with mean wage of Rs 70 and wage standard deviation of Rs 5. Estimate the number of workers whose weekly wage are
a. between Rs 70 and Rs 71
b. between Rs 69 and Rs 73
c. more than Rs 72, and
d. less than Rs 65

Ans. The area under the curve of normal distribution gives the probabilities. I hope you have the z tables or cumulative normal distribution tables or error function tables.

z-tables have mean value = 0 and probability at P(z<= 0) = 0.50
Z Table(z < 1.0) gives the probability for z to be between 0 and 1.0 = P(0 < z <1.0)



Q.4 A research organization claims that the monthly wages of industrial workers in district X exceeds that of those in district Y by more than Rs 150. Two different samples drawn independently from the two districts yielded the following results:
District X:  x1 bar= 648, s12 = 120, and n1 = 100
District Y:  x2 bar= 495, s22 = 140, and n2 = 90
Verify at 0.05 level of significance whether the sample results support the claim of the organization.
Ans. The procedure is explained in the following steps:

1.    Test statistics Z= (X1 bar – X2 bar)/( s12/N1 + s22/N2)
                            
                         =(648-495)/


Q. 5 what do you mean by decomposition of a time series? State the essential characteristics of the additive and multiplicative models of time series analysis.
Ans.  The following are the two models commonly used for the decomposition of a
time series into its components.

Additive model
Multiplicative model

Most of the time series relating to economic and business phenomenon
Conform to the multiplication model. In practice, additive model is rarely
Used.
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MS - 612 Retail Management

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ASSIGNMENT
Course Code :
MS - 612

Course Title :

Retail Management
Assignment Code :

MS-612/TMA/SEM - II/2014
Coverage :
All Blocks


Note : Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October, 2014 to the coordinator of your study centre.

Q. 1. (a) What do you understand by the term Retailing? Discuss the scope and challenges of Retail Business in an emerging economy like India.
(b) Explain briefly the various retail formats in India with the merits and demerits associated with each of them.
Answer:(a)Term Retailing: The term retailing applies not only to the selling of tangible products like loaves of bread or pairs of shoes, but also to the selling of service products. Companies who provide meals, haircuts and aromatherapy sessions are all essentially retailers, as they sell to the final consumer, and yet customers do not take goods away from these retailers in a carrier bag. The consumption of the service offering  coincides with the retailing activity itself.
Retailing is a distribution channel function, where one organisation buys products from supplying firms or manufactures products themselves, and then sells these directly to consumers.
Scope and challenges of Retail Business in an emerging economy like India
The retail industry in India is highly fragmented and unorganised. Earlier on retailing in India was mostly done through family-owned small stores with limited merchandise, popularly known as kirana or mom-and-pop stores. In those times, food and grocery were shopped from clusters of open kiosks and stalls called mandis. There were also occasional fairs and festivals where people went to shop. In the twentieth century, infusion of western


Q. 2. (a) Outline the importance of Service retailing and explain what needs to be done to explain and exploit the full potential India.
(b) Discuss the significant issues pertaining to locational decisions in the Indian context with two suitable examples of your choice where location of the outlet has played a key role in the success of the business.
Answer:(a)Firms which offer large range of goods, provide advice and the required information is called Service Retailing. In retail environments, the atmosphere communicates to consumers through non‐verbal channels, impacting on their beliefs about a product, a service or the way in which a service is provided. The current paper explores the bar environment, and the use of atmospherics by managers as well as responses to atmosphere by consumers.
Service Retailing refers to all the transactions which involve sale of goods or services to the ultimate consumers. A retailer is a middleman who procures goods from the wholesalers and sell it to the final consumers. They form a vital link in the channel of



(b)Units concerning both manufacturing as well as the assembling of the products are on a very large scale affected by the decisions involving the location of the plant. Location of the plant itself becomes a very important factor concerning service facilities, as the plant location decisions are strategic and long-term in nature.
Plant location decisions need detailed analysis because:
1. Wrong plant location generally affects cost parameters i.e. poor location can act as a continuous stimulus of higher cost. Marketing, transportation, quality, customer satisfaction are some of the other factors which are greatly influenced by the plant location decisions – hence these decisions require in-depth analysis.
2. Once a plant is set up at a location which is not much suitable, it is a very disturbing as well as very expensive process to shift works of a company to some other place, as it would largely affect the cycle of production.


Q. 3. (a) “Merchandise Sourcing is at the core of every retail business”. Elaborate the abovestatement and outline the importance of sourcing activity as a strategic functions in relation to also retail functions.
(b) What is the role and relevance of atmospherics in Retail Business? Discuss the keycomponents of retail atmospherics.
Answer:(a) Merchandising is an activity of promoting the sale of goods at retail.  Merchandising activities may include display techniques, free samples, on-the-spot demonstration, pricing, shelf talkers, special offers, and other point-of-sale methods. According to American Marketing Association, merchandising encompasses "planning involved in marketing the right merchandise or service at the right place, at the right time, in the right quantities, and at the right price."
Strategic sourcing is a supply management tool that delivers significant cost reductions and other benefits. More specifically, it's a periodic event that includes the identification and selection of initial commercial arrangements with a selected supplier

(b) Retail atmospherics involves all details of a store's physical environment and the effects on customers. You want shoppers to feel comfortable browsing your store and for the environment to be conducive to making a purchase. An analysis of retail atmospherics can point the way to identifying your store's best physical features and areas that could use improvement.
Retail Atmospherics is a term used to describe the manipulation of elements such as colour, light levels, sound, scents and design within your store to influence the buying habits of your customers. The atmospherics of any store can establish positive feelings of excitement, curiosity, and comfort. Atmospheric changes to a stores environment will influence the customers mood or feeling for that retailer. Atmospherics is used to create environments

Q. 4. (a) Discuss the concept of relationship marketing. Outline the key aspects of emphasis forloyalty programme with a suitable example of your choice.
(b) What are the major reasons for the growth of non-store retailing in India. Discuss.
Answer: (a) Relationship marketing is changing the way marketers use traditional media channels to build brand image and awareness. Marketers are not just re-allocating ad budget between existing media products, they are taking advantage of whole new set of media choices. The aim is to build relationship instead of a one-time sale, which is termed as a transaction.Relationship marketing is designed to develop strong connections with customers by providing them with information directly suited to their needs and interests and by promoting open communication. This approach often results in increased word-of-mouth activity, repeat business and a willingness on the customer’s part to provide information to the organization.


(b) Nonstore retailing is a form of retailing in which sales are made to consumers without using physical stores. The non-store retailers are known by medium they use to communicate with their customers, such as direct marketing, direct selling and vending machines or e-tailing. Non store retailing is patronised to time conscious consumers and consumers who can't easily go to stores, or compulsive buyers. Most non-store retailers offer consumers the convenience of buying 24 hours a day seven days a week and delivery at location and time of their
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MS-91 Advanced Strategic Management

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ASSIGNMENT
Course Code
MS-91
Course Title
Advanced Strategic Management
Assignment Code
91/TMA/SEM-II/2014
Coverage
All Blocks

Note – Answer all questions. Each question is followed by evaluation scheme.
1. Discuss various pricing strategies available to firms under different market structures, giving examples.
Answer:- Pricing is one of the four elements of the marketing mix, along with product, place and promotion. Pricing strategy is important for companies who wish to achieve success by finding the price point where they can maximize sales and profits. Companies may use a variety of pricing strategies, depending on their own unique marketing goals and objectives.
Premium Pricing
Premium pricing strategy establishes a price higher than the competitors. It's a strategy that can be effectively used when there is something unique about the product or when the product is first to market and the business has a distinct competitive advantage. Premium pricing can be a good strategy for companies entering the market with a new market and hoping to maximize revenue during the early stages of the product life cycle.
Penetration Pricing


2. State the characteristics of a dynamic market and identify the strategic choices in a dynamic environment.
Answer: - This underlies strategic management, which seeks to capitalize on change. Of course, rates of change vary, calling for different strategies. Rapid change characterizes dynamic environments -- vigorous marketplace activity, new and evolving products, expanding markets, advancing technology, social revolutions -- and rapid change usually includes uncertainty. To adapt, the small business owner should not only know that fast-moving conditions and some degree of unpredictability represent dynamic environments, but also should know where to look for signs of accelerating change.
Political


3. Describe the steps involved in developing R & D strategy. Select an organization (of your choice) and discuss how it has developed an effective R & D strategy.
Answer: - Investigative activities that a business chooses to conduct with the intention of making a discovery that can either lead to the development of new products or procedures, or to improvement of existing products or procedures. Research and development is one of the means by which business can experience future growth by developing new products or processes to improve and expand their operations.
R&D Strategy:-
Determine Strategic R&D Milestones
What to Cover – Identify critical R&D milestones necessary


4. Citing real world examples, comment on how the success of corporate planning depends on its implementation.
Answer:- "Planning for Success" is organized into six key segments. You can go through these segments from start to finish, or go to only specific areas of interest. Here is a brief description of what you will find:
·         Planning and Decision Making covers the ins and outs of creating a technology plan that ties to your strategic priorities and goals.
·         Communication and Partnerships delves in the fundamentals of day-to-day technology communication from a “techie” and “non-techie” perspective. It also includes some important guidelines for working and collaborating with key stakeholders.
·         Buying and Deploying Technology goes through some of the core actions and decisions you need to consider when planning deployments, installations, and upgrades.
·         Maintaining and Sustaining Technology offers important insight into the daily management of public computers.
·         Networking and Security covers some of the basic standards and practices for ensuring your library’s network security.
·         Innovation highlights the true value of today’s
·          
·          
5. Select an organization of your choice (name & describe the organization) and discuss the philanthropy activities/initiatives that have been undertaken by the organization.
Answer:- Too often, executives have viewed corporate social responsibility (CSR) as just another source of pressure or passing fad. But as customers, employees, and suppliers—and, indeed, society more broadly—place increasing importance on CSR, some leaders have started to look at it as a creative opportunity to fundamentally strengthen their businesses while contributing to society at the same time. They view CSR as central to their overall strategies, helping them to creatively address key business issues.
The big challenge for executives is how to develop an approach
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MS - 11 Strategic Management

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ASSIGNMENT

Course Code :

MS - 11
Course Title :

Strategic Management
Assignment Code :

MS-11/TMA/SEM - II/2014
Coverage :

All Blocks

Note: Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment on or before 31st October, 2014 to the coordinator of your study centre.

Q. 1. Explain in what sense the top management takes strategic decisions in an organization? Illustrate with suitable examples.
Answer:Top Management is the highest ranking executives (with titles such as chairman/chairwoman, chief executive officer, managing director, president, executive directors, executive vice-presidents, etc.) responsible for the entire enterprise.  Top management translates the policy (formulated by the board-of-directors) into goals, objectives, and strategies, and projects a shared-vision of the future. It makes decisions that affect everyone in the organization, and is held entirely responsible for the success or failure of the enterprise.
Top management decision situations often


Q. 2. Identify two organizations of your choice from the automobile sector. One that is a single business unit (SBU) and the other which has several related businesses. Read the published information about these organizations and analyze the corporate profile of each company.
Answer:In a single-product company, corporate-level and business-level strategies are the same. For example, a furniture manufacturer producing only one line of furniture has its corporate strategy chosen by its market definition, wholesale furniture, but its business is still the same, wholesale furniture. Thus, in single-business organizations, corporate and business-level strategies overlap to the point that they should be treated as one united strategy. The product made by a unit of a diversified company would face many of the same challenges and opportunities faced by a one-product company. However, for most organizations, business-unit strategies are


Q. 3. What do you understand by an organizational culture? Identify two companies that have recently merged. Read the published information on the two companies. Based on the study identify the issues and challenges the two companies currently face in combining their respective organizational cultures.
Answer: The organizational culture is a values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization.
Organizational culture includes an organization's expectations, experiences, philosophy, and values that hold it together, and is expressed in its self-image, inner workings, interactions with the outside world, and future expectations. It is based on shared attitudes, beliefs, customs, and written and unwritten rules that have been developed over time and are considered valid. Also called corporate culture, it's shown in
(1) the ways the organization conducts its business, treats its employees, customers, and the wider community, 


Q. 4. Select an organization of your choice and analyze how differentiation strategy has been useful for the organization to build its competitive advantage.
Answer:Three of the most widely read books on competitive analysis in the 1980s were Michael Porter's Competitive Strategy, Competitive Advantage, and Competitive Advantage of Nations. In his various books, Porter developed three generic strategies that, he argues, can be used singly or in combination to create a defendable position and to outperform competitors, whether they are within an industry or across nations. Porter states that the strategies are generic because they are applicable to a large variety of situations and contexts. The strategies are (1) overall cost leadership; (2) differentiation; and (3) focus on a particular market niche. The generic strategies provide direction for firms in designing incentive systems, control procedures, and organizational arrangements. Following is a description of this work. 


Q. 5. What is balanced scorecard (BSC)? As a strategist list out the issues and challenges you will face while developing and implementing a BSC in an organization? Discuss with the help of an example.
Answer:The balanced scorecard is a strategic planning and management system that is used extensively in business and industry, government, and nonprofit organizations worldwide to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals. It was originated by Drs. Robert Kaplan (Harvard Business School) and David Norton as a
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