MS - 41 Working Capital Management

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ASSIGNMENT

Course Code  :	MS - 41
Course Title  :	Working Capital Management
Assignment Code :	MS-41/TMA/SEM - I /2020
Coverage  :	All Blocks

Note : Attempt all questions and submit this assignment to the coordinator of your study center on or before 30th April, 2020.

Q1.Explain the meaning of Working Capital. How does inflation affect the size of working capital, availability of working capital, and various components of working capital.

Ans:

The meaning of Working Capital

Working capital, also known as net working capital (NWC), is the difference between a company’s current assets, such as cash, accounts receivable (customers unpaid bills) and inventories of raw materials and finished goods, and its current liabilities, such as accounts payable. Net operating working capital is a measure of a company's liquidity and refers to the difference between operating current assets and operating current liabilities. In many cases these calculations are the same and are derived from company cash plus accounts

Q2.An Enterprises’ current turnover is Rs. 10 lakh per annum. The enterprise currently allows a credit period of 40 days to its customers from the date of sale. The management of this enterprise wishes to adopt a more liberal credit policy, and it is exploring the following options:

Credit  Proposed  increase  in             Expected  increase    Anticipated  default  rate

policy  collection period (days)         in sales (Rs)          or rate of bad debt (%)                                  

I             10        40,000              2%

II           20        50,000                           2.5%

III          30         70,000              3%

IV          40        90,000              4%

Additional information :-

-Selling price/unit is Rs 5.00

-Average cost/unit is Rs 3.00

-Variable costs/unit is Rs 2.00

-Current default rate is 1.5%

-Required rate of return is 15%

-A year consists of 360 days

You are required to suggest which of the above credit policies should be followed?

Soln:

Q3.Taking a suitable example explain how maximum permissible bank finance is assessed under the three methods of lending suggested by the Tandon Committee.

Ans:

In order to provide greater freedom in assessing the working capital requirements of borrowers, effective from April 15, 1997, all instructions relating to MPBF were withdrawn. Banks were instructed to evolve their own method such as turnover method, the cash budget system, the MPBF system with necessary modifications or any other system of assessing working capital requirements.

The loan policy in respect of each broad category of

4.“Capital Investment Module and Working Capital Module use simulation techniques to represent the interactions among the capital investment and working capital variables” Discuss.

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Business Ethics

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Course : Masters in Business Administration (MBA 4 Sem)

Subject : Business Ethics

 

Answer the following question.

Q1. Give pts of Narasimhan Committee Report (1991)? (10marks)

Answer: The Narsimham Committee was set up in order to study the problems of the Indian financial system and to suggest some recommendations for improvement in the efficiency and productivity of the financial institution.

The committee has given the following major recommendations:-

Reduction in the SLR and CRR : The committee recommended the reduction of the higher proportion of the Statutory Liquidity Ratio 'SLR' and the Cash Reserve Ratio 'CRR'. Both of these ratios were very high at that time. The SLR then was 38.5% and CRR was 15%. This high amount of SLR and CRR meant locking the bank resources for government uses. It was hindrance in the productivity of the bank thus the committee recommended their gradual reduction. SLR was recommended to reduce from 38.5% to 25% and CRR from 15% to 3 to 5%.

Q2. What are attributes of profession. (10marks)

Answer: Given the purpose of this treatise, a mere attempt to define or simply to conduct an examination of design professionalism would, I believe, be inadequate. In order to responsibly define design professionalism we must first fundamentally understand what a profession is and what conditions are required for it to exist.

Let's examine the vital, identifying characteristics of a profession and see how, as a collection, they combine to create something distinct from the average vocation.

1.       Great responsibility

Professionals deal in matters of vital importance

Q3. Write a short note on environment. (10marks)

Answer: All living things that live on this earth comes under the environment. Whether they live on land or water they are part of the environment. The environment also includes air, water, sunlight, plants, animals, etc.

Moreover, the earth is considered the only planet in the universe that supports life. The environment can be understood as a blanket that keeps life on the planet sage and sound.

Importance of Environment

We truly cannot understand the real worth of the environment. But we can estimate some of its importance that can help us understand its importance. It plays a vital role in keeping living things healthy in the environment.

Likewise, it maintains the ecological balance

Q4. Discuss consumerism (10marks)

Answer: While consumption is an activity people engage in, sociologists understand consumerism to be a powerful ideology characteristic of Western society that frames our worldview, values, relationships, identities, and behavior. Consumer culture drives us to seek happiness and fulfillment through mindless consumption and serves as a necessary component of capitalist society, which demands mass production and unending sales growth.

Definitions of consumerism vary. Some sociologists consider it a social condition where consumption is “especially important if not actually central”

Q5. What is cultural ethos? (10marks)

Answer: Ethos is a term with Greek origins, and it refers to the morals, values and beliefs of a person, or even an entire culture. Ethos is also one of the three rhetorical appeals identified by Aristotle. The other two appeals are logos (logic) and pathos (emotion). In persuasive writing, ethos is all about your credibility as an author. Ethos comes in two forms: there is extrinsic ethos, the authority, education and experience of a speaker or author, and intrinsic ethos, the way the speaker goes about the act of persuading, meaning that he or she is skilled or unskilled with language and terminology.

Ethos was one of Aristotle’s three modes of

Q6. Discuss unethical practices vis-à-vis cheating. (10marks)

Answer: Deception, collusions, swindling… sounds like the plot of a best-selling novel. However, these terms are quite common in the commercial circles where immoral practices can be seen by the dozen.

Whether it is a big conglomerate or a small business, the stakes of outperforming the competition are always high. This cut-throat struggle for survival and emerging as a winner attracts a lot of unscrupulous tendencies that have unfortunately become a part of the system. The urge to rule the market has made businesses selfish and all-

Q7. What are some ethical problems in business. (10marks)

Answer: From factory working conditions at the turn of the 20th century, to today’s emphasis on diversity training, the history of workplace ethics is the ongoing story of the relationship between employees and employers.

Ethical Issues in Business

According to the Global Business Ethics Survey of 2018, employees (40%) believe that their company has a weak leaning ethical culture, and that little progress has been made to mitigate wrongdoing. Here are some of the ethical issues in business and real-world cases of how these ethical issues have affected companies.

Q8. Write a note on national consumer duputes redressal commission (10marks)

Answer: The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission (NCDRC), India is a quasi-judicial commission in India which was set up in 1988 under the Consumer Protection Act of 1986. Its head office is in New Delhi. The commission is headed by a sitting or retired judge of the Supreme Court of India.The commission is presently headed by Justice R K Agrawal, former judge of the Supreme Court of India.

Section 21 of Consumer Protection Act, 1986 posits that the National Consumer shall have jurisdiction:- to entertain a complaint valued more than one crore and also have Appellate and Revisional jurisdiction from the orders of State

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MS – 10 Organisational Design, Development and Change

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ASSIGNMENT

MS – 10 Organisational Design, Development and Change   

Course Code  :   MS - 10

Course Title  :   Organisational Design, Development and Change   

Assignment Code :   MS-10/TMA/SEM-I/2020

Coverage  :   All Blocks

Note : Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment to the coordinator of your study center on or before 30th April, 2020.

1.  Briefly discuss the role of assessment centres and various forms of assessment. Explain the benefits of having an assessment centre in an organization, citing examples.

2. Describe and discuss different perspectives of organizational analysis and how they could help in the improvement for development of organizations. Give examples.

3. Discuss and describe the steps in designing and conducting organizational surveys. Briefly discuss questionnaire as a diagnostic tool.

4. Briefly discuss and describe the nature and rationale of Organisational Development (OD) intervention. Discuss any two interventions and their merits and demerits citing examples.

5. Describe different roles of change agents and explain the competencies and skills required for a change agent. 

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MS - 95: Research Methodology for Management Decisions

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ASSIGNMENT

MS - 95:  Research Methodology for Management Decisions

Course Code  :   MS - 95

Course Title  :   Research Methodology for Management Decisions

Assignment Code :   MS-10/TMA/SEM-I/2020

Coverage  :   All Blocks

Note : Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment to the coordinator of your study center on or before 30th April, 2020.

 1. “Analysis of covariance is a combination of the two techniques- analysis of variance and regression.” Discuss the statement in the light of concept of Analysis of covariance.

2. “The collection of primary data for business research is of paramount importance to assist management in making decisions.” Do you agree? Comment on the statement. Also, explain various methods of collecting primary data in brief.

3. “Presentation skills include the ability to mix in the right proportion various elements.” What are these elements? Explain them in brief.

4. The production manager in a large undertaking randomly paid 10 visits to the work site in a month. The number of workers who reported late for duty were found to be 2,4,5,1,6,3,2,1,7 and 8 respectively. Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, verify the claim of production superintendent at 0.05 level of significance that on an average not more than 3 workers report late for duty.

5. Write the short note on the following:-

 (a) Role of Research in Marketing & Banking

 (b) The Q-Sort Technique

 (c) Discriminant Analysis

 (e)Categories of Report

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MS - 54: Management Information Systems

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Management Programme

ASSIGNMENT

FIRST SEMESTER

 (January to June) 2020

MS - 54:  Management Information Systems

School of Management Studies

INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY

 MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068

ASSIGNMENT

Course Code  :	MS - 54
Course Title  :	Management Information Systems
Assignment Code :	MS-54/TMA/SEM - I /2020
Coverage  :	All Blocks

Note: Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment to the Coordinator of your study center on or before 30th April, 2020.

Ques. 1 “The way organizations cannot exist without MIS (Management Information System), even information does not exist without organization.” Discuss.

 Answer: Management information systems (MIS) is a changing and challenging field. Modern businesses can’t survive for long without using some sort of MIS to manage massive amounts of data, and there are plenty of opportunities to study or work in the discipline. In this article, we’ll cover what is happening with MIS in both business and academia. You’ll learn about what constitutes an MIS, their origin and evolution, their capabilities, and also gain insights from experts in the field.

In business, management information systems (or information management systems) are tools used to support processes, operations,

Ques.2 What are the features of a language which should be considered for its selection in the design of a system? Explain your answer with special reference to on-line system. 

 Answer: Systems design is the process of defining elements of a system like modules, architecture, components and their interfaces and data for a system based on the specified requirements. It is the process of defining, developing and designing systems which satisfies the specific needs and requirements of a business or organization.

Description: A systemic approach is required for a coherent and well-running system. Bottom-Up or Top-Down approach is required to take into account all

Ques. 3. “Switching systems are connected to each other through point-to-point media.” Explain in the light of the statement the concept of connectivity through switched networks.

Answer: In the simplest terms, a switch is a mechanism that allows us to interconnect links to form a larger network. A switch is a multi-input, multi-output device that transfers packets from an input to one or more outputs. Thus, a switch adds the star topology (see Figure 56) to the set of possible network structures. A star topology has several attractive properties:

Even though a switch has a fixed number of inputs and outputs, which limits the number of hosts that can be connected to a single switch, large

Ques. 4. “Several problems may motivate management in an organization to adopt the database approach- focusing on the problem of the data.” Discuss the major problems that motivate a database approach along with the taxonomy of data structures.

 Answer: Motivation for data storage

Day-to-day business processes executed by individuals and organisations require both present and historical data. Therefore, data storage is essential for organisations and individuals. Data supports business functions and aids in business decision-making. Below are some of the examples where data storage supports business functions.

Social media

Social media has become very popular in the 21st

Ques. 5. “Computer virus is a software code that can infect other computer programs by altering them to include a copy of it.” Discuss the concept of computer virus and its main characteristics. 

Answer: A computer virus is a program made by hackers in order to multiply insidiously and fast to other computers in the network. It disrupts more or less badly the operation of the infected computer. It can extend through any means of digital data exchange such as the Internet (Emails, attachments, insecure websites, links).

Most Dangerous Computer Virus

Boot Sector Virus: As it effects master boot record and difficult to remove, require full system format. So be careful when you insert any removable media( pen drives, hard disk via USB)

Computer viruses in the computer industry have always an undefeatable (All of us hit by them) wall, but the general computer viruses have some of the similar characteristics, the specific circumstances of the following analysis: In the past, most virus transmitting information between Floppies infected. Today, with the growing popularity of InternetMost of the viruses (and malware) Propagate through the network of networks through the e-mail By the discharge infected files (for WWW, P2P, FTP, chats, Forums, Etc), browsing, etc. General characteristics of computer viruses

Here are a list of some properties that computer viruses can occur and the effects they produce. Not all viruses of this kind.

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MS - 53: Production/Operations Management

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Management Programme

ASSIGNMENT

FIRST SEMESTER

 (January to June) 2020

MS - 53:  Production/Operations Management

School of Management Studies

INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY

 MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI – 110 068

ASSIGNMENT

Course Code  :	MS - 53
Course Title  :	Production/Operations Management
Assignment Code :	MS-53/TMA/SEM - I /2020
Coverage  :	All Blocks

Note : Attempt all the questions and submit this assignment to the coordinator of your study center on or before 30th April, 2020.

Ques. 1. “We have entered the age of technology; henceforth everything will be knowledge based”. Discuss the above in the context of increasing use of technology-based resources for achieving tasks. 

Answer: Technology ushers in fundamental structural changes that can be integral to achieving significant improvements in productivity. Used to support both teaching and learning, technology infuses classrooms with digital learning tools, such as computers and hand held devices; expands course offerings, experiences, and learning materials; supports learning 24 hours a day, 7 days a week; builds 21st century skills; increases student engagement and motivation; and accelerates learning. Technology also has the power to transform teaching by ushering in a new model of connected teaching. This model links teachers to their students and to professional content, resources, and systems to help them improve their own instruction and personalize learning.

Ques. 2. “Forecasting is one input to all types of business planning and control, both inside and outside the operations functions”. Explain the application of forecasting to different functional areas in the light of the statement.

Answer: Forecasting is the art and science of predicting what will happen in the future. Sometimes that is determined by a mathematical method; sometimes it is based on the intuition of the operations manager. Most forecasts and end decisions are a combination of both.

Forecasting is conducted by what are referred to as time horizons.

1. Short range forecast. While it can be up to one year, this forecast is usually used for three months or less. It is used for planning purchases, hiring, job assignments, production levels, and the like.

2. Medium range forecast. This is generally three months to three years. Medium range forecasts are used for sales and production planning, budgeting,

Ques. 3. Discuss the relationship between work measurement and job design. Which typically follows the other? Why?

Answer: Work measurement is a process of analyzing jobs for the purpose of setting the performance standards and benchmarks. It involves linking the employee responsibilities to the time required to complete specific tasks to achieve desired levels of performance. Job design involves specifying the work activities of an individual or group in an organizational setting. To this end, job design seeks to enhance job performance through clear definition of responsibilities for different work activities.

Techniques Used

Work measurement employs time study and activity sampling to determine the time an employee should take to accomplish a task. Job design, on the

Ques. 4. Why did the JIT (Just-in-time) approach evolve in Japan and not in Western countries? Write the various characteristics of Just – in –time system. 

Answer: Just in time inventory is one of the popular methods where business owners produce final products only when the customer has requested and paid for it. Here the products are not assembled before the customer requests which impacts the storage costs. Jit is one of the best management strategies that is applied in the business to increase efficiency and productivity.

The method helps reduce waste and contributes to smoother production flow.  Here you won’t have to stock up the products before time, rather the inventory will be available on time to meet your exact demands.

Ques. 5. “As per major activity groups involved in materials management in any manufacturing organization, several issues emerge”. Write the various issues related to storage and material handling.  

Answer: Material Handling is an essential and significant component of any productive activity. It is something that goes on in every plant all the time. It entails the following:

·       Providing the right amount of the right material

·       In the right condition

·       At the right place

·       At the right time

·       In the right position

·       And for the right cost

·       By using the right method

In order to achieve these objectives, the material handling companies face various challenges.

The top 5 challenges faced by material handling

Ques. 6. “Technology plays a key role in the development of manufacturing systems”. Explain the classification of process technology in view of the statement.

Answer: There are a number of ways to classify process technologies. For example, we could classify them in terms of the nature of the process; that is, process to change shape or form, chemical processes, information processes, assembly processes, and so on. But we choose to focus on a classification that highlights the historical progression of processes. This classification will also be useful in comparing how each affects the competitive priorities of cost, flexibility, quality, and the ability of the enterprise to perform on time. Thus, we have a three part classification of process technologies

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